Vertical self-supporting formwork building system

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to components and methods for a modular building system, used for high-rise residential and office building, to pre-fabricate and assemble the system quickly, easily and simply. More particularly, it relates to a building temporary self-supporting panel system invention that includes formwork, structural rebars and insulated panels for the purpose of wall, floor and roof, also for the structure and enclosure. The building system is composed of a number of layers and a temporary-structural frame, integrating all constructive elements needed: temporary structural capacity, thermal and acoustical insulation, impermeability and pre-installations; designed considering operation, function, fabrication and assembling.

BACKGROUND

There are various types of building systems. In general, the most commonbuilding systems cannot satisfy the demands of industrialization and theneed of intelligent and smart construction.

One possible solution to the overall complexity and resourceinefficiency issues of traditional construction is the use ofprefabricated construction technologies. Generally, a prefabricatedsystem includes a primary framing structure and a secondary closure ofpanels, assembled on-site. Although there have been certain improvementsin prefabrication building construction systems, including panels,walls, buildings, methods of making building panels, methods ofconstructing walls, wall systems and buildings systems, there are stillunmet needs and a wide field of developments of more efficient andambitious systems. Prefabricated construction systems are increasinglycommon in single-family home building, but are virtually absent at alarge scale in high-rise building. This is primarily due to thedifficulty and complexity of structure and equipment, the cost ofinvesting in building facilities, the risk of trying a new constructionmethod, and the startup cost of research and development.

There is a need in the construction industry for the necessaryimprovements in lightweight building panels and systems to reach ahigh-rise building with a clear and simple system that attends thedifferent needs of this typology. The present disclosure provides theart with a construction system that overcomes all the disadvantages ofthe previous systems and can fulfil the requirement of high-risebuilding.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments include a single, self-supporting and formwork panel,which behaves like temporary structure. The said formwork is to beconcreted on-site and division of space at the same time. Thus, astandard building system contains various construction elementsassembled on-site. Aspects of the disclosed subject matter include wallpanel, slab panel, truss and window frame, that integrate allconstructive elements needed: structural capacity (once the steel-frameformwork are poured with concrete), thermal and acoustic insulation,impermeability, and pre-installations in a very efficient and flexiblemanner.

Some embodiments include a system having modular panels for simplifyingthe constructions of buildings and/or interior spaces, as well asmethods for using those panels to construct those buildings and/orinterior spaces. In some embodiments, the panels include a number offunctional layers to endow the panels with desired properties. In someembodiments, the panels provide for buildings and interior spaces withwalls, floors, and ceilings. In some embodiments, the panels areconfigured to be lightweight for easier construction, assembly andconcreting.

In some embodiments, the panels have an internal structure. In someembodiments, the panels are self-supporting during construction works.In some embodiments, the internal structure includes both horizontal andvertical components. In some embodiments, the internal structure includethe structural corrugated steel bars attached to the formwork as areinforcement for the in-site concrete. In some embodiments, theinternal structure profiles constitute the formwork for the concrete. Insome embodiments, panels include the structural corrugated steel barsattached to the formwork. In some embodiments, panels are connectable toadjacent panels via the internal structure. In some embodiments, theinternal structure includes extension areas configured to interface withadjacent panels. In some embodiments, panels include recessed areas foraccepting the extensions of adjacent panels. In some embodiments, theinternal structure includes longitudinal components. In someembodiments, the internal structure is comprised of C and U shapedprofiles as temporary beams and joists. In some embodiments, internalstructure components are combined with fasteners such as screws. In someembodiments, adjacent panels are combined with such fasteners.

In some embodiments, the components of the internal structure defineinterior space within each panel. In some embodiments, the functionallayers are provided in the interior space. In some embodiments, thefunctional layers are a modular block sized to fit the interior spacesdefined by the modular internal structure and an outer layer. In someembodiments, opposing profiles flanking functional layers are a modularblock.

In some embodiments, wall panels include at least one outer layerforming a side of the panel. In some embodiments, the internalstructure, comprised of C and U shaped profiles constituting theformwork for the concrete wall. In some embodiments, wall panels includethe structural corrugated steel bars attached to the formwork. In someembodiments, wall panels include the structural corrugated steel barsattached to the formwork as a reinforcement for the in-site concrete. Insome embodiments, wall panels include at least one acoustic insulationlayer. In some embodiments, wall panels include at least one fillerlayer. In some embodiments, the filler layer is a thermal insulatinglayer. In some embodiments, the filler layer comprises expandedpolystyrene (EPS). The thickness of the wall panels is of any desiredsize, and configured to connect to adjacent panels on at least one of ahorizontal axis and a vertical axis. In some embodiments, the outerlayer is connected directly to the internal structure. In someembodiments, an additional outer layer is provided on the side oppositethe first outer layer of the wall panel. In some embodiments, wall panelincludes openings.

In some embodiments, wall lintels include at least one outer layerforming a side of the panel. In some embodiments, the internalstructure, comprised of C and U shaped profiles, constitute the formworkfor the concrete wall. In some embodiments, wall lintels include thestructural corrugated steel bars attached to the formwork. In someembodiments, wall lintels include at least one acoustic insulationlayer. In some embodiments, wall lintels include at least one fillerlayer. In some embodiments, the filler layer is a thermal insulatinglayer. In some embodiments, the filler layer comprises expandedpolystyrene (EPS). The thickness of the wall lintels is of any desiredsize, and configured to connect to adjacent panels. In some embodiments,the outer layer is connected directly to the internal structure. In someembodiments, an additional outer layer is provided on the side oppositethe first outer layer of the wall lintel.

In some embodiments, floor and/or ceiling panels, referred to herein as“slab” panels, also include at least one outer layer, forming the sideof the slab panel. In some embodiments, the internal structure,comprised of C/U shaped profiles and the metal layer form the formworkfor the concrete beams and joists. In some embodiments, the metal layeris a corrugated metal sheet. In some embodiments, wall slab include thestructural corrugated steel bars attached to the formwork. In someembodiments, slab panels include at least one filler layer. In someembodiments, the filler layer is a thermal insulating layer. In someembodiments, slab panels include at least one acoustic insulation layer.In some embodiments, an additional outer layer is provided on the sideopposite the first outer layer of the slab panel.

In some embodiments, truss panels, referred to herein as “truss”,include at least one outer layer forming a side of the truss. In someembodiments, the internal structure, comprised of C and U shapedprofiles constituting the formwork for the concrete framing. In someembodiments, trusses include the structural corrugated steel barsattached to the formwork. In some embodiments, trusses include at leastone acoustic insulation layer. In some embodiments, trusses include atleast one filler layer. In some embodiments, the filler layer is athermal insulating layer. The thickness of the truss is of any desiredsize, and configured to connect to adjacent panels. In some embodiments,the outer layer is connected directly to the internal structure. In someembodiments, an additional outer layer is provided on the side oppositethe first outer layer of the truss panel. In some embodiments, the outerlayer is a curtain wall system. In some embodiments, the curtain wallpanel is an aluminum grid.

In some embodiments, window frame panel includes at least one functionallayer. In some embodiments, the functional layer in the aforementionedwindow frame is a sliding window. In some embodiments, the functionallayer is a fixed window. In some embodiments, the functional layer is acombination of sliding and fixed windows. In some embodiments, thesliding/fixed window has the function as acoustic and thermalinsulation. In some embodiments, the internal structure of theaforementioned window frame is comprised of C and U shaped profilesfilled with thermal and acoustic insulation. In some embodiments, thewindow frame is the enclosure element which satisfies the demand ofnatural illumination and ventilation. In some embodiments, the windowframe is connected with adjacent wall panel, slab panel and truss panel.

The panels of the present disclosure can be manufactured on an assemblyline and easily transported. The modular nature of the panels alsoenables advantageous quality control, cost reduction, waste reduction,improvement of working conditions for workers, use of specializedequipment, and reduction of construction times, complexity, and injuryrisk. Further, the panels provide for advantageous ductility andtolerances. The panels are assembled and concreted in phases. Theassembling phases correspond to the logic of construction, beingassembled by element and level.

The disclosure includes a plurality of elements which is capable to beprefabricated and hoisted on-site. The elements in current disclosureinclude but is not limited to the kitchen element, the double bathroomelement, the bathroom and kitchen element, the bathroom and corridorelement and the shaft closet element. All the elements in the disclosurehave internal structure and are self-supporting. In some embodiment, theelement is prefabricated with plumbing, electrical, mechanical fixtureand furniture kit. In some embodiment, the installation fixture andfurniture kit are prefabricated in a modular manner.

In some embodiments, elements include different types of interiorfunctional features of the building. In some embodiments, elements canbe combined and arranged to generate different interior spaces. In someembodiments, elements are prefabricated with the necessary features tobe connected between each other. In some embodiments, elements areprefabricated with the necessary features to be connected with the mainbuilding mechanical, piping and electrical features. In someembodiments, elements satisfy the comfort, ventilation and usabilityneeds of the building.

The elements of the present disclosure can be manufactured on anassembly line and easily transported. The modular nature of the panelsalso enables advantageous quality control, cost reduction, wastereduction, improvement of working conditions for workers, use ofspecialized equipment, and reduction of construction times, complexity,and injury risk. Further, the panels provide for advantageous ductilityand tolerances. The elements are assembled in phases. The assemblingphases correspond to the logic of construction, being assembled by leveland element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and arenot intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 1”, showing theinternal lightweight structure, the attached corrugated steel bars andthe internal substructure formed by cold-formed steel profiles,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a transversal section of the wall panel “Type 1”, consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 1”, showing thefinish panels, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a top-view of the wall panel “Type 1”, showing the completedpanel (internal lightweight structure, substructure and finishing),consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a plan-view cross-section of the wall panel “Type 1”, showingthe completed panel (internal lightweight structure, corrugated steelrebars, substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 1”,showing the total volume of the panel, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 1”,showing the different exploded layers of the panels; consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 2”, showing theinternal lightweight structure, the attached corrugated steel bars andthe internal substructure formed by cold-formed steel profiles,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a transversal section of the wall panel “Type 2”, consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 2”, showing thefinish panels, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 11 is a top-view of the wall panel “Type 2”, showing the completedpanel (internal lightweight structure, substructure and finishing),consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a plan-view cross-section of the wall panel “Type 2”, showingthe completed panel (internal lightweight structure, corrugated steelrebars, substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 2”,showing the total volume of the panel, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 2”,showing the different exploded layers of the panels; consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 3”, showing theinternal lightweight structure, the attached corrugated steel bars andthe internal substructure formed by cold-formed steel profiles,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a transversal section of the wall panel “Type 3”, consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a front elevation of the wall panel “Type 3”, showing thefinish panels, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 18 is a top-view of the wall panel “Type 3”, showing the completedpanel (internal lightweight structure, substructure and finishing),consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a plan-view cross-section of the wall panel “Type 3”, showingthe completed panel (internal lightweight structure, corrugated steelrebars, substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 20 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 3”,showing the total volume of the panel, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall panel “Type 3”,showing the different exploded layers of the panels; consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 is a front elevation of the wall lintel, showing the internallightweight structure, the attached corrugated steel bars and theinternal substructure formed by cold-formed steel profiles, consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a transversal section of the wall lintel, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 is a front elevation of the wall lintel, showing the finishpanels, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 25 is a top-view of the wall lintel, showing the completed panel(internal lightweight structure, substructure and finishing), consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 26 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall lintel, showing thetotal volume of the panel, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 27 illustrates an axonometric view of the wall lintel, showing thedifferent exploded layers of the panel; consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 28 is a top view of the slab panel “Unit”, showing the internallightweight structure and formwork constituted by cold-formed steelprofiles, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 29 is an elevation view cross-section of the slab panel “Unit”,showing the completed panel with the different layers, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 30 is a top view of the slab panel “Unit”, showing the completedslab including a corrugated steel sheet and the attached corrugatedsteel rebars, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 31 is an elevation-view longitudinal-section of the slab panel“Unit”, showing the material layers and the internal structure,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 32 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Unit”,showing the material layers and the internal prefabricated structure ofsteel profiles and corrugated steel bars, consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 33 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Unit”,showing the total volume of the panel, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 34 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Unit”,showing the exploded different layers of the panels; consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 35 is a top view of the slab panel “Core”, showing the internallightweight structure and formwork constituted by cold-formed steelprofiles, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 36 is an elevation view cross-section of the slab panel “Core”,showing the completed panel with the different layers, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 37 is a top view of the slab panel “Core”, showing the completedslab including a corrugated steel sheet and the steel bars, consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 38 is an elevation-view longitudinal-section of the slab panel“Core”, showing the material layers and the internal structure,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 39 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Core”,showing the material layers and the internal prefabricated structure ofsteel profiles and corrugated steel bars, consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 40 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Core”,showing the total volume of the panel, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 41 illustrates an axonometric view of the slab panel “Core”,showing the exploded different layers of the panels; consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 42 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 1”, showing the internallightweight structure and the internal substructure formed bycold-formed steel profiles, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 43 is a transversal section of the truss “Type 1”, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 44 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 1”, showing the finishpanels, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 45 is a top-view of the truss “Type 1”, showing the completedelement, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 46 is a plan-view cross-section of the truss “Type 1”, showing thecompleted element (internal lightweight structure, corrugated steelbars, substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 47 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 1”, showingthe internal lightweight structure, corrugated steel bars andsubstructure, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 48 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 1”, showingthe total volume of the element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 49 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 1”, showingthe different exploded layers of the panels; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 50 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 2”, showing the internallightweight structure and the internal substructure formed bycold-formed steel profiles, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 51 is a transversal section of the truss “Type 2”, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 52 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 2”, showing the finishpanels, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 53 is a top-view of the truss “Type 2”, showing the completedelement, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 54 is a plan-view cross-section of the truss “Type 2”, showing thecompleted element (internal lightweight structure, steel bars,substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 55 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 2”, showingthe internal lightweight structure, steel bars and substructure,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 56 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 2”, showingthe total volume of the element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 57 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 2”, showingthe different exploded layers of the panels; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 58 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 3”, showing the internallightweight structure and the internal substructure formed bycold-formed steel profiles, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 59 is a transversal section of the truss “Type 3”, consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 60 is a front elevation of the truss “Type 3”, showing the finishpanels, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 61 is a top-view of the truss “Type 3”, showing the completedelement, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 62 is a plan-view cross-section of the truss “Type 3”, showing thecompleted element (internal lightweight structure, corrugated steelbars, substructure and finishing), consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 63 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 3”, showingthe internal lightweight structure, steel bars and substructure,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 64 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 3”, showingthe total volume of the element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 65 illustrates an axonometric view of the truss “Type 3”, showingthe different exploded layers of the panels; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 66 is a transversal section of the window frame “Type 1”,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 67 is a front elevation of the window frame “Type 1”, showing thefinish element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 68 is a plan-view cross-section of the window frame “Type 1”,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 69 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 1”,showing the total volume of the element, consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 70 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 1”,showing the different exploded components of the element; consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 71 is a transversal section of the window frame “Type 2”,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 72 is a front elevation of the window frame “Type 2”, showing thefinish element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 73 is a plan-view cross-section of the window frame “Type 2”,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 74 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 2”,showing the total volume of the element, consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 75 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 2”,showing the different exploded components of the element; consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 76 is a transversal section of the window frame “Type 3”,consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 77 is a front elevation of the window frame “Type 3”, showing thefinish element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 78 is a plan-view cross-section of the window frame “Type 3”,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 79 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 3”,showing the total volume of the element, consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 80 illustrates an axonometric view of the window frame “Type 3”,showing the different exploded components of the element; consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 81 is a transversal cross-section of the kitchen element, showingthe completed element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 82 is a front elevation of kitchen element, showing the completedelement, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 83 is a plan-view cross-section of the kitchen element, showing thecompleted element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 84 illustrates an axonometric view of the completed kitchenelement; consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 85 is a transversal cross-section of the double bathroom element,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 86 is a front elevation of the double bathroom element, showing thecompleted element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 87 is a plan-view cross-section of the double bathroom element,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 88 illustrates an axonometric view of the completed double bathroomelement; consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 89 is a transversal cross-section of the bathroom and kitchenelement, showing the completed element, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 90 is a front elevation of the bathroom and kitchen element,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 91 is a plan-view cross-section of the bathroom and kitchenelement, showing the completed element, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 92 illustrates an axonometric view of the completed bathroom andkitchen element; consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 93 is a transversal cross-section of the bathroom and corridorelement, showing the completed element, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 94 is a front elevation of the bathroom and corridor element,showing the completed element, consistent with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 95 is a plan-view cross-section of the bathroom and corridorelement, showing the completed element, consistent with some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 96 illustrates an axonometric view of the completed bathroom andcorridor element; consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 97 is a front elevation of shaft closet, showing the completedelement, consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 98 is a plan-view cross-section of the shaft closet, showing thecompleted element, consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 99 illustrates an axonometric view of the completed shaft closet;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 100 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole wall panels andwall lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type 1”, showingthe optimal application of the building system; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 101 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole wall panels andwall lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type 1”, withthe addition of the slab panels of the level above, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 102 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels of atypical level of construction module “Type 1”, with the addition of thewall panels and lintels of the same level, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 103 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels andwall panels and lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type1”, with the addition of the trusses of the same level, showing theoptimal application of the building system; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 104 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole level of theconstruction module “Type 1”, with all the different constructionelements, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 105 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole wall panels andwall lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type 2”, showingthe optimal application of the building system; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 106 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole wall panels andwall lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type 2”, withthe addition of the slab panels of the level above, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 107 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels of atypical level of construction module “Type 2”, with the addition of thewall panels and lintels of the same level, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 108 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels andwall panels and lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type2”, with the addition of the trusses of the same level, showing theoptimal application of the building system; consistent with someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 109 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole double level ofthe construction module “Type 2”, with all the different constructionelements, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 110 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole single level ofthe construction module “Type 2”, with all the different constructionelements, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 111 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole wall panels andwall lintels of a typical level of construction module “Type 3”, withthe addition of the slab panels of the level above, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 112 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels of atypical level of construction module “Type 3”, with the addition of thewall panels and lintels of the same level, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 113 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole slab panels andwall panels and lintels of a typical main level of construction module“Type 3”, with the addition of the trusses and the window frames of thesame level, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 114 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole typical level ofthe construction module “Type 3”, with the addition of the slab panelsof the mezzanine, showing the optimal application of the buildingsystem; consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 115 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole typical level ofthe construction module “Type 3”, with the addition of the wall panelsof the second level, showing the optimal application of the buildingsystem; consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 116 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole typical level ofthe construction module “Type 3”, with the addition of the trusses andthe windows frames of the mezzanine level, showing the optimalapplication of the building system; consistent with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 117 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole double level ofthe construction module “Type 3”, with all the different constructionelements, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 118 illustrates an axonometric view of the whole single level ofthe construction module “Type 3”, with all the different constructionelements, showing the optimal application of the building system;consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

DESCRIPTION

The standard building system of the present disclosure contains variousconstruction elements assembled on-site, aspects of the disclosedsubject matter include different categories of panels: three categoriesof wall panels, one category of wall lintel, two categories of slabpanel, three categories of trusses and three categories of windowframes.

The standard building system of the present disclosure contains variouselements assembled on-site, aspects of the disclosed subject matterinclude different categories of elements: one category of kitchenelement, one category of bathroom element, one category of shaft closet.

In some embodiments, a plurality of wall panels is provided as a kitwherein the plurality of the wall panels is of the same type. In someembodiments, a plurality of wall panels is provided as a kit, whereinwall panels come in a plurality of different types. In some embodiments,these different types are complementary in denomination, i.e., the wallpanels could come in three types: a type with a door opening, a typewith a structural opening, and a type with a structural opening and adoor opening. The size of each type of the wall panel is ultimately thedecision of the user and depends upon the following non-limiting list offactors: human-scale, space quality, industrial sizes, andtransportation margins.

Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the wall panels for use withthe system of the present disclosure have internal structure configuredto operate as a support skeleton. Referring to FIG. 1, in someembodiments, the main internal structure is comprised of columns 5 and 6which is configured as the formwork of concrete. In some embodiments thesecondary structure 10 referring to FIGS. 1 and the functional panelsreferring to FIGS. 2 integrate constructive elements needed such assteel frame, EPS/Rockwool 9 as thermal and acoustic insulation andcement board 8. In some embodiments, the panels are self-supportingduring construction work. In some embodiments, the panels have avertical crush resistance of at least 2000 pounds per linear foot;length of said wall panel when tested according to ASTM E72, and using asafety factor of 3. In some embodiments, the panels have a bendingresistance when subjected to uniform loading in accord with ASTM E72 ofup to 2000 pounds per square foot surface area.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the internal structure component of thepanels provides ample interior space between these components for theapplication of functional layers to endow each panel with not onlystructural stability, but desired properties derived from thecomposition of materials filling that space. In some embodiments, thepanels can have different interior spaces based on the purpose of thepanel and the needs of the system user. Some embodiments of interiorspaces and functional layers 14 are discussed below in FIG. 7.

In some embodiments, panels are configured to be connected to otherpanels and/or a building foundation. In some embodiments, theconnections are made via the internal structures of adjacent panels andvia rebars. In some embodiments, the connection between the variouspanels and/or the connection between the panels and the foundation isreversible. In some embodiments, panels are connected directly to afoundation using any suitable means. In some embodiments, an interfaceis provided to stabilize the connection between a panel and thefoundation. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, in some embodiments, U-profile 5and C-profile 6 constitute the steel frame and act as the formwork foron-site concrete 13. In some embodiments the steel frame comprisesrebars 12 that allow for connection with panels installed above them, aswill be discussed in the construction process below. In some embodimentswall panels are connected with possible wall lintel 38. In someembodiments wall panels are connected with possible slab panel unit 39or slab panel core 40. In some embodiments panels are connected withpossible facade element such as the truss 41 or the window frame 42.

Referring again to FIGS. 4-5, the wall panel includes at least two sideboards. In some embodiments, side boards are disposed on opposing sidesof the interior space of wall panel. In some embodiments, side boardsare comprised of at least one of wood, cement, fiber cement, drywall,suitable metal sheets, and the like. In some embodiments, the thicknessof side boards is approximately 0.5-1 inches.

In some embodiments, wall panels includes fireproof board. In someembodiments, the thickness of fireproof board is designed to comply withthe relevant fire codes applicable to the building. Increasing thethickness of fireproof board can increase the fire resistance of thelayer. By way of example, a 30 mm fireproof board may be fire resistantfor about 90 minutes, while a 40 mm fireproof board may be fireresistant for about 120 minutes. In some embodiments, fireproof board iscomprised of any suitable fireproof or fire resistant material. In someembodiments, fireproof board is comprised of calcium silicate. In someembodiments, the secondary structure 10, the EPS/Rockwool 9 and thecement board 8 cover fireproof board. In some embodiments, opposingfireproof boards enclose the main structural formwork 13 of the panel.In some embodiments, the internal structure is connected to thefireproof board. In some embodiments a U-shaped profile 3 is franking onthe top of cement board 8 and fireproof board and another U-shapedprofile 3 is fastened on the bottom of above-mentioned cement board 8and fireproof board as baseboard.

In some embodiments, wall panel further includes at least one acousticinsulation layer (such as Rockwool). In some embodiments, the thicknessand composition of Rockwool are configured to provide the desired levelof sound insulation to wall panel. In some embodiments, the thickness ofRockwool is approximately 45-50 mm (2 inch) in each side. In someembodiments, the Rockwool is filled in the inner space of substructure10.

In some embodiments, wall panel further includes EPS layer 9. In someembodiments, the density of EPS layer 9 is approximately 25-35 kg/m3. Insome embodiments, the EPS layer is filled in the inner space of thesubstructure 10.

The overall thickness of wall panel is the summation of at least thelayers described in the above paragraphs. In some embodiments, theoverall thickness of wall panel is adapted according to local needs,such as climate conditions, building codes, constructions budget, andthe like. In some embodiments, the total thickness of wall panel isapproximately 31¼ inches. In some embodiments, this thickness includesthe internal structure. In some embodiments, the main internal structureis disposed between fireproof dry panels and the substructure isdisposed between fireproof dry panel and the cement board 8.

In some embodiments, the wall panels have internal structure. In someembodiments, the internal structure includes a main structure and asubstructure. In some embodiments, the main structure comprises someprofiles such as U profile 1. In some embodiments, the main structureserves as formwork of on-site concrete 11. In some embodiments, aplurality of prefabricated rebars 12 is contained in the formwork forthe possible connection to the upper panels. In some embodiments, thedistance between two sides of the formwork 13 is 24 inches. In someembodiments, the wall panels have a structural door opening of 3 feet inwidth and 7 feet in height. In some embodiments, the wall panels have astructural opening of 16 feet in width and 7 feet in height.

In some embodiments, the formwork 13 is held and fastened by twosubstructures on both side. In some embodiments, EPS/Rockwool 9,fireproof dry panels and any other functional layer disposed between areheld between profiles such as U-profiles 3 and C-profiles 4 from FIG. 7.In some embodiments, these profiles form substructure of panel. In someembodiments, the horizontal distance between two profiles in thesubstructure is 2 feet. In some embodiments, the profiles insubstructure along with the functional layers held there between definea functional layer block that can be stacked with other functional layerblocks to fill the interior space of a panel. In some embodiments, twofunctional layer blocks are attached on both side of the structuralformwork 13.

Referring to FIGS. 8-14, the wall panels “Type 2” have similarities ininternal structure, layers and differences in the structural opening andin the finished dimensions. In some embodiments, the internal structureof wall comprises profiles which form the main structural formwork 13.In some embodiments, substructures with functional layers are installedon both side of formwork 13 like the wall panel “Type 1”. In someembodiments, the components and order of functional layers in the wallpanels “Type 2” are the same as those in wall panels “Type 1”.

Referring to FIGS. 15-21, the wall panels “Type 3” have similarities ininternal structure, layers and differences in the structural opening andin the finished dimensions. In some embodiments, the internal structureof wall comprises profiles which form the main structural formwork 13.In some embodiments, substructures with functional layers are installedon both side of formwork 13 like the wall panel “Type 1”. In someembodiments, the components and order of functional layers in the wallpanels “Type 2” are the same as those in wall panels “Type 1”.

Referring to FIGS. 22-27, the wall lintel has similarities in internalstructure, layers and differences in the structural dimensions. In someembodiments, the internal structure of wall comprises profiles whichform the main structural formwork 13. In some embodiments, substructureswith functional layers are installed on both side of formwork 13 likethe wall panel “Type 1”. In some embodiments, the components and orderof functional layers in the wall lintel are the same as those in wallpanels “Type 1”.

In some embodiments, a plurality of slab panels is provided as a kitwherein each of slab panels has different size. In some embodiments,these different shapes are complementary in position, i.e., one slabpanel could be used in the core while others in living unit. Each typeprovides openings for installation tubes, piping and space forequipment. In some embodiments, the slab panel used in the buildingsystem in this disclose consist of 2 types: Slab panel Unit and Slabpanel Core.

In some embodiments, slab panels Unit are approximately 8 feet in widthand approximately 32 feet in length. The size of slab panel isultimately the decision of the user and depends upon the followingnon-limiting list of factors: structure feasibility, building code,human-scale, space possibility, industrial sizes, and transportationmargins. In some embodiments, slab panel Unit includes at least one sideboard and two 6 mm cement boards. In some embodiments, the slab panelshave steel frame as seen in FIG. 28. In some embodiments, the steelframe includes an internal structure which are formed by steel profilesgroups 15 which have a C profile 2 jammed in a U-profile 1. In someembodiment, the internal structure is divided into four modules part. Insome embodiment a U-profile 7 are connected on the periphery of theinternal structure as the bottom of formwork for on-site concrete beam18. In some embodiment a transversal U-profile 1 are connected betweentwo parts as bottom of formwork for on-site concreting beam 18.Referring to FIG. 29-31, In some embodiment, a plurality of metalcorrugated sheet 15 are fixed upon the internal structure served as theformwork of on-site concrete floor. In some embodiments, metalcorrugated sheet 16 has a thickness of approximately 2-3 inches (54 mm).In some embodiment at least two cement board 17 are attached in thebottom of the internal structure as compound ceiling. In someembodiments, the two cement board layer 17 has a thickness ofapproximately ½ inch. Further functional layer is allowable to add inthe compound ceiling. Referring to FIG. 32-34, in some embodiment, thesteel rebars could be attached on the slab panel and concreted with theinternal structure and profiles in-between. In some embodiment, thesteel rebars in the slab panel could fasten with the rebars on wallpanel. In some embodiments, the rebars could be concreted on eitherside. In some embodiments, concrete could cover the metal corrugatedsheet 16, the side rebars of slab panel and the top rebars of wall panelas a whole.

Referring to FIG. 35-41, in some embodiments, slab panel Core have asimilar steel frame and functional layers as slab panel Unit. In someembodiments, the slab panel Core are approximately 8′ in width andapproximately 12′ 4″ in length. In some embodiment, the internalstructure of slab panel Core is formed with the same steel profilesgroup 15, whereas the slab panel core only has two modules. In someembodiment, on the both lateral side, a U profile 7 are connected withthe internal structure frame serving as the bottom of on-site concretingbeam, whereas on the transversal side there is no profiles serving asbottom as formwork. In some embodiment, the slab panel Core areassembled between two wall panel, where the frame on transversal side isfixed with the adjacent wall panel and serve part of formwork ofconcreting the wall.

Referring to FIGS. 42-49, in some embodiments, the truss “Type 1” foruse with the system of the present disclosure have internal structureconfigured to operate as a support skeleton. Referring to FIG. 42, insome embodiments, the main internal structure is comprised of U-profiles1 and C-profiles 2 which is configured as the formwork of concrete 27.In some embodiments the secondary structure 24 referring to FIG. 42 andthe functional panels referring to FIG. 44 integrate constructiveelements needed such as steel frame, exterior curtain wall system 21with aluminum grid panel. In some embodiments, the trusses areself-supporting during construction work. In some embodiments, thepanels have a vertical crush resistance of at least 2000 pounds perlinear foot; length of said wall panel when tested according to ASTME72, and using a safety factor of 3. In some embodiments, the trusseshave a bending resistance when subjected to uniform loading in accordwith ASTM E72 of up to 2000 pounds per square foot surface area.

As shown in FIGS. 42-46, the internal structure component of the trussesprovides ample interior space between these components for theapplication of functional layers to endow each panel with not onlystructural stability, but desired properties derived from thecomposition of materials filling that space. In some embodiments, thepanels can have different interior spaces based on the purpose of thepanel and the needs of the system user. Some embodiments of interiorspaces and functional layers 28 are discussed below in FIG. 47.

In some embodiments, trusses are configured to be connected to otherpanels. In some embodiments, the connections are made via the internalstructures of adjacent panels and via rebars. In some embodiments, theconnection is configured to be between the various trusses and slabpanels. Referring to FIGS. 47 and 48, in some embodiments, U-profile 1and C-profile 2 constitute the steel frame and act as the formwork 27for on-site concrete 25. In some embodiments the steel frame comprisesrebars that allow for connection with slab panels installed above them,as will be discussed in the construction process below. In someembodiments truss panels are connected with possible wall panel 35, 36.In some embodiments truss panels are connected with possible slab panelunit 39 or slab panel core 40. In some embodiments panels are connectedwith possible facade element such as window frame 42.

Referring again to FIGS. 47-49, the truss panel includes at least asandwich layer. In some embodiments, sandwich layer is disposed onexterior sides of the interior space of truss panel. In someembodiments, sandwich layer comprised of at least one of wood, cement,fiber cement, drywall, suitable metal sheets.

In some embodiments, wall panel further includes EPS layer 23. In someembodiments, the thickness of EPS is approximately 90 mm (3½ inch). Insome embodiments, the density of EPS layer 23 is approximately 25-35kg/m3. In some embodiments, the EPS layer is filled in the inner spaceof the substructure 24.

In some embodiments, truss panel further includes an exterior curtainwall system disposed on exterior sides. In some embodiments, curtainwall system comprised of at least one suitable metal sheets and aluminummetal grid panel.

The overall thickness of truss panel is the summation of at least thelayers described in the above paragraphs. In some embodiments, theoverall thickness of wall panel is adapted according to local needs,such as climate conditions, building codes, constructions budget, andthe like.

In some embodiments, the wall panels have internal structure. In someembodiments, the internal structure includes a main structure and asubstructure. In some embodiments, the main structure comprises columns,beams and diagonals. In some embodiments, columns, beams and diagonalsserve as block separation formwork of on-site concrete 25. In someembodiments, a plurality of prefabricated rebars 26 is contained in theformwork for the possible connection to the other elements.

In some embodiments, the formwork is composed by columns, beams anddiagonals. In some embodiments, columns, beams and diagonals arecomposed by U-profile 1 and C-profile 2.

Referring to FIGS. 50-57, the truss “Type 2” has similarities ininternal structure, layers and differences in the structural dimensionsand in the dimension of the structural elements. In some embodiments,the internal structure of truss comprises columns and profile whichforms the main structural formwork 27. In some embodiments,substructures with functional layers are installed on both side offormwork 27 like the truss “Type 1”. In some embodiments, the componentsand order of functional layers in the truss “Type 2” are the same asthose in trusses “Type 1”.

Referring to FIGS. 58-65, the truss “Type 3” has similarities ininternal structure, layers and differences in the structural dimensionsand in the dimension of the structural elements. In some embodiments,the internal structure of truss comprises columns and profile whichforms the main structural formwork 27. In some embodiments,substructures with functional layers are installed on both side offormwork 27 like the truss “Type 1”. In some embodiments, the componentsand order of functional layers in the truss “Type 3” are the same asthose in truss “Type 1”.

Referring to FIG. 66-70, the window frame panels “Type 1” for use withthe system of the present disclosure have internal structure configuredto operate as a support skeleton. In some embodiments, the main internalstructure is comprised of prefabricated U-profiles and C-profiles group32 as column in both side, U-profiles and C-profiles group 33 as columnin the middle and U-profiles and C-profiles group 31 as beams in the topand bottom. In some embodiments, sliding windows can be fixed in thestructural frame.

Referring to FIG. 71-75, the window frame panels “Type 2” for use withthe system of the present disclosure have similarities with the windowframe panel “Type 1”. In some embodiments, window frame panel “Type 2”has differences in dimensions with the window frame panel “Type 1”. Insome embodiments, the window frame panels “Type 2” have internalstructure configured to operate as a support skeleton. In someembodiments, the main internal structure is comprised of prefabricatedU-profiles and C-profiles group 32 as column in both side, U-profilesand C-profiles group 33 as column in the middle and U-profiles andC-profiles group 31 as beams in the top and bottom. In some embodiments,sliding windows can be fixed in the structural frame.

Referring to FIG. 76-80, the window frame panels “Type 3” for use withthe system of the present disclosure have similarities with the windowframe panel “Type 1”. In some embodiments, window frame panel “Type 3”has differences in dimensions with the window frame panel “Type 1”. Insome embodiments, the window frame panels “Type 3” have internalstructure configured to operate as a support skeleton. In someembodiments, the main internal structure is comprised of prefabricatedU-profiles and C-profiles group 32 as column in both side, U-profilesand C-profiles group 33 as column in the middle and U-profiles andC-profiles group 31 as beams in the top and bottom. In some embodiments,sliding windows can be fixed in the structural frame.

In some embodiments, the window frame is fixed to the structural truss.In some embodiments, the window frame is fixed to the unit slab. In someembodiments, the window frame is fixed to the wall panels.

Referring to FIGS. 81-83, kitchen elements should be installed insidethe structural opening of walls panels. In some embodiments, kitchenelements are prefabricated with all the various modular furnitureelements 50. In some embodiments, kitchen elements are prefabricatedwith all the needed piping 45 and plumbing fixtures 47. In someembodiments, kitchen elements are prefabricated with all the neededelectrical fixtures 48 and connection. In some embodiments, kitchenelements are prefabricated with all the needed mechanical equipments 49and connecting duct 46. In some embodiments, all the needed piping 45and electrical equipment and fixtures 48 are integrated inside thefunctional layer 43.

Referring to FIGS. 85-88, double bathroom elements should be installedbetween the structural opening of walls panels. In some embodiments,double bathroom elements are prefabricated with all the needed piping 45and plumbing fixtures 47. In some embodiments, double bathroom elementsare prefabricated with all the needed electrical fixtures 48 andconnection. In some embodiments, double bathroom elements areprefabricated with all the needed mechanical equipments 49 andconnecting duct 46. In some embodiments, all the needed piping 45 andelectrical equipment and fixtures 48 are integrated inside thefunctional layer 43.

Referring to FIGS. 89-92, bathroom and kitchen elements should beinstalled between the structural opening of walls panels. In someembodiments, bathroom and kitchen elements are integrated with aplurality of functions such as bathroom and kitchen. In someembodiments, bathroom and kitchen elements are prefabricated with allthe various modular furniture elements 50. In some embodiments, bathroomand kitchen elements are prefabricated with all the needed piping 45 andplumbing fixtures 47. In some embodiments, bathroom and kitchen elementsare prefabricated with all the needed electrical fixtures 48 andconnection. In some embodiments, bathroom and kitchen elements areprefabricated with all the needed mechanical equipments 49 andconnecting duct 46. In some embodiments, all the needed piping 45 andelectrical equipment and fixtures 48 are integrated inside thefunctional layer 43.

Referring to FIGS. 93-96, bathroom and corridor elements should beinstalled between the structural opening of walls panels. In someembodiments, bathroom and corridor elements are integrated with aplurality of functions such as bathroom and corridor. In someembodiments, bathroom and kitchen elements are prefabricated with allthe various modular furniture elements 50. In some embodiments, bathroomand corridor elements are prefabricated with all the needed piping 45and plumbing fixtures 47. In some embodiments, bathroom and corridorelements are prefabricated with all the needed electrical fixtures 48and connection. In some embodiments, bathroom and corridor elements areprefabricated with all the needed mechanical equipments 49 andconnecting duct 46. In some embodiments, all the needed piping 45 andelectrical equipment and fixtures 48 are integrated inside thefunctional layer 43.

Referring to FIGS. 97-99, shaft closet elements should be installedbetween the structural opening of walls panels. In some embodiments,shaft closet elements are prefabricated with all the various furnitureelements. In some embodiments, shaft closet elements are prefabricatedwith all the needed piping fixtures and connections. In someembodiments, shaft closet elements are prefabricated with all the neededelectrical fixtures and connection. In some embodiments, shaft closetelements are prefabricated with all the needed mechanical fixtures andconnections.

In some embodiments, internal elements are prefabricated to be connectedwith each other. In some embodiments, elements are prefabricated to beconnected with the building vertical piping.

Referring now to FIGS. 100-104, in the construction module “Type 1”,wall panels, wall lintel, slab panel and truss panels are connected viarebars and other connections. In some embodiments, vertical rebars inthe all the element panels are connected to horizontal rebars from otherelement panels. In some embodiments, on-site concrete unifies the rebarson different panels and the entirety. In some embodiments, on-siteconcrete acts as the finishing layer of the floor.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofassembling modular panels to produce a building or interior space. Insome embodiments, the modular panels are self-supporting, so individualpanels can be installed one at a time and remain in place while adjacentpanels are installed until a desired size and shape of the building orinterior space is completed. FIG. 104 portray exemplary processes forconnecting panels in the construction module “Type 1” consistent withsome embodiments of the present disclosure and as discussed above.

Once wall panels, lintel panels, slab panels, truss panels and windowframes arrive at a building site, wall panels are first installed on afoundation. Referring to FIG. 101, wall lintels for the wall connectionswould then be installed in many positions generating a continuitybetween wall panels. Referring to FIG. 102, slab panels for the groundfloor would then be installed at the top of the installed wall panels.Referring to FIG. 103, truss panels for the facade would then beinstalled at the end of the installed wall panels. Slab panels for thefloors would then be installed at the top of the installed wall, linteland truss panels. In some embodiments, prefabricated groups of rebarsconnect wall, lintel, truss and slab panels. In some embodiments,concrete on site connects the panels into a whole. In some embodiments,any gaps at the joints between wall, lintel, truss and slab panels arefilled with polyurethane foam spray, which is fast-solidifying and hasthermal insulation properties. Windows frame for the facade would beinstalled at the top of the concrete slab panels. In some embodiments,window frames does not have structural connection with other panels. Insome embodiments, gaps between adjoining panels and/or window frames arestuck with adhesive. In some embodiments, construction of subsequentfloors of a building begins after the underlying floor has settled. Insome embodiments, the second floor is formed by installing panels on theinternal structures of the previous floor. Upper floors are subsequentlyconstructed in a similar manner.

Referring now to FIGS. 105-110, in the construction module “Type 2”,wall panels, wall lintel, slab panel and truss panels are connected viarebars and other connections. In some embodiments, vertical rebars inthe all the element panels are connected to horizontal rebars from otherelement panels. In some embodiments, on-site concrete unifies the rebarson different panels and the entirety. In some embodiments, on-siteconcrete acts as the finishing layer of the floor.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofassembling modular panels to produce a building or interior space. Insome embodiments, the modular panels are self-supporting, so individualpanels can be installed one at a time and remain in place while adjacentpanels are installed until a desired size and shape of the building orinterior space is completed. FIGS. 109-110 portray exemplary processesfor connecting panels in the construction module “Type 2” consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure and as discussed above.

Once wall panels, lintel panels, slab panels, truss panels and windowframes arrive at a building site, wall panels are first installed on afoundation. Referring to FIG. 105, wall lintels for the wall connectionswould then be installed in many positions generating a continuitybetween wall panels. Referring to FIG. 106, slab panels for the groundfloor would then be installed at the top of the installed wall panels.Referring to FIG. 107, wall panels would then be installed at the top ofthe installed slab panels. Referring to FIG. 108, truss panels for thefacade would then be installed at the end of the installed wall panels.Slab panels for the floors would then be installed at the top of theinstalled wall, lintel and truss panels. In some embodiments,prefabricated groups of rebars connect wall, lintel, truss and slabpanels. In some embodiments, concrete on site connects the panels into awhole. In some embodiments, any gaps at the joints between wall, lintel,truss and slab panels are filled with polyurethane foam spray, which isfast-solidifying and has thermal insulation properties. Windows framefor the facade would be installed at the top of the concrete slabpanels. In some embodiments, window frames does not have structuralconnection with other panels. In some embodiments, gaps betweenadjoining panels and/or window frames are stuck with adhesive. In someembodiments, construction of subsequent floors of a building beginsafter the underlying floor has settled. In some embodiments, the secondfloor is formed by installing panels on the internal structures of theprevious floor. Upper floors are subsequently constructed in a similarmanner.

Referring now to FIGS. 111-118, in the construction module “Type 3”,wall panels, wall lintel, slab panel and truss panels are connected viarebars and other connections. In some embodiments, vertical rebars inthe all the element panels are connected to horizontal rebars from otherelement panels. In some embodiments, on-site concrete unifies the rebarson different panels and the entirety. In some embodiments, on-siteconcrete acts as the finishing layer of the floor.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofassembling modular panels to produce a building or interior space. Insome embodiments, the modular panels are self-supporting, so individualpanels can be installed one at a time and remain in place while adjacentpanels are installed until a desired size and shape of the building orinterior space is completed. FIGS. 117-118 portray exemplary processesfor connecting panels in the construction module “Type 3” consistentwith some embodiments of the present disclosure and as discussed above.

Once wall panels, lintel panels, slab panels, truss panels and windowframes arrive at a building site, wall panels are first installed on afoundation. Referring to FIG. 111, wall lintels for the wall connectionswould then be installed in many positions generating a continuitybetween wall panels. Referring to FIG. 112, slab panels for the groundfloor would then be installed at the top of the installed wall panels.Referring to FIG. 113, wall panels would then be installed at the top ofthe installed slab panels. Referring to FIG. 114, truss panels for thefacade would then be installed at the end of the installed wall panels.Slab panels for the floors would then be installed at the top of theinstalled wall, lintel and truss panels. In some embodiments,prefabricated groups of rebars connect wall, lintel, truss and slabpanels. In some embodiments, concrete on site connects the panels into awhole. In some embodiments, any gaps at the joints between wall, lintel,truss and slab panels are filled with polyurethane foam spray, which isfast-solidifying and has thermal insulation properties. Windows framefor the facade would be installed at the top of the concrete slabpanels. In some embodiments, window frames does not have structuralconnection with other panels. In some embodiments, gaps betweenadjoining panels and/or window frames are stuck with adhesive. In someembodiments, construction of subsequent floors of a building beginsafter the underlying floor has settled. In some embodiments, the secondfloor is formed by installing panels on the internal structures of theprevious floor. Upper floors are subsequently constructed in a similarmanner.

In some embodiments, a plurality of elements are provided as a kitwherein the plurality of the elements are of the same type. In someembodiments, a plurality of elements are provided as a kit, wherein wallpanels come in a plurality of different types. In some embodiments,these different types are complementary in denomination, i.e., theelements could come in three types: a kitchen type, a bathroom type anda shaft closet type. The size of each type of the elements is ultimatelythe decision of the user and depends upon the following non-limitinglist of factors: human-scale, space quality, industrial sizes, andtransportation margins.

1. A system for constructing buildings and interior spaces comprising:at least one wall panel including a wall internal structure, at leastone side layer, and at least one functional wall layer; at least onewall lintel including a lintel internal structure, at least one sidelayer, and at least one functional wall layer; at least one slab panelincluding a slab internal structure, at least one side layer, and atleast one functional slab layer; at least one truss panel including atruss internal structure, at least one side layer, and at least onefunctional wall layer; at least one window frame including a framestructure and at least one sliding window; at least one interior elementincluding a prefabricated structure and at least a bathroom; at leastone interior element including a prefabricated structure and at least akitchen; at least one interior element including a prefabricatedstructure and at least a corridor; at least one interior elementincluding a prefabricated structure and at least a shaft closet; whereinsaid internal wall, lintel, slab and truss structures are configured toconnect adjacent panels, and at least wall and slab panel aretemporarily self-supporting during assembly; wherein said interiorelements are configured to connect to adjacent structure and to eachother.
 2. The system for constructing buildings and interior spacesaccording to claim 1, further comprising at least one functional walllayer positioned in an interior space, defined by said internal wallstructure.
 3. The system for constructing buildings and interior spacesaccording to claim 2, wherein at least one wall panel further includes aformwork and interior structural rebars to be concreted.
 4. The systemfor constructing buildings and interior spaces according to claim 2,wherein at least one functional wall layer includes at least one ofeither a fireproof layer, an acoustic insulation layer, a waterprooflayer, or combinations thereof.
 5. The system for constructing buildingsand interior spaces according to claim 1, further comprising at leastone functional wall layer positioned in an interior space, defined bysaid internal lintel structure.
 6. The system for constructing buildingsand interior spaces according to claim 5, wherein at least one walllintel further includes a formwork and interior structural rebars to beconcreted.
 7. The system for constructing buildings and interior spacesaccording to claim 5, wherein at least one functional wall layerincludes at least one of either a fireproof layer, an acousticinsulation layer, a filler layer, a rockwool layer, a waterproof layer,or combinations thereof.
 8. The system for constructing buildings andinterior spaces according to claim 1, further comprising at least onefunctional slab layer, positioned in an interior space and defined bysaid slab's internal structure.
 9. The system for constructing buildingsand interior spaces according to claim 8, wherein at least one slabpanel further includes a formwork and interior structural rebars to beconcreted.
 10. The system for constructing buildings and interior spacesaccording to claim 8, wherein at least one functional slab layerincludes at least one of either a fireproof layer, an acousticinsulation layer, a filler layer, a metal layer, a rockwool layer, awaterproof layer, or combinations thereof.
 11. The system forconstructing buildings and interior spaces according to claim 8, furtherincluding opposing profiles, wherein at least one functional wall andslab layer is disposed between said opposing profiles, to provide amodular functional layer block.
 12. The system for constructingbuildings and interior spaces according to claim 11, wherein saidopposing profiles are components of said internal structure.
 13. Thesystem for constructing buildings and interior spaces according to claim1, further comprising at least one functional layer positioned in aninterior space, defined by said internal truss structure.
 14. The systemfor constructing buildings and interior spaces according to claim 13,wherein at least one truss further includes a formwork and interiorstructural rebars to be concreted.
 15. The system for constructingbuildings and interior spaces according to claim 13, wherein at leastone functional wall layer includes at least one of either a fireprooflayer, an acoustic insulation layer, a filler layer, a rockwool layer, awaterproof layer, or combinations thereof.
 16. The system forconstructing buildings and interior spaces according to claim 1, furthercomprising at least one window frame, includes an internal structureformed by cold-formed steel profiles.
 17. The system for constructingbuildings and interior spaces according to claim 16, wherein at leastone sliding window.
 18. The system for constructing buildings andinterior spaces according to claim 1, further comprising at least oneinterior element, positioned in an interior space and defined by saidinterior element structure.
 19. The system for constructing buildingsand interior spaces according to claim 18, wherein at least one interiorelement includes at least one of either a kitchen, a bathroom, acorridor, a shaft closet, or combinations thereof.